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Plant callus (plural ''calluses'' or ''calli'') is a mass of unorganized parenchyma cells derived from plant tissue (explants) for use in biological research and biotechnology. In plant biology, callus cells are those cells that cover a plant wound.〔(What is Plant Tissue Culture? )〕 Callus formation is induced from plant tissues after surface sterilization and plating onto ''in vitro'' tissue culture medium. Plant growth regulators, such as auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins, are supplemented into the medium to initiate callus formation or somatic embryogenesis. Callus initiation has been described for many plant taxonomic divisions: * Marchantiophyta * Anthocerotophyta * Bryophyta * Lycopodiophyta * Pteridophyta * Cycadophyta * Ginkophyta * Pinophyta * Gnetophyta * Magnoliophyta == Callus induction and tissue culture == A callus cell culture is usually sustained on gel medium. Callus induction medium consists of agar and a mixture of macronutrients and micronutrients for the given cell type. There are several types of basal salt mixtures used in plant tissue culture, but most notably modified Murashige and Skoog medium, White's medium, and woody plant medium. Vitamins are also provided to enhance growth such as Gamborg B5 vitamins. For plant cells, enrichment with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is especially important. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Callus (cell biology)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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